一、偏析型缺陷

CHULEβPIANXI、βBAN、FUTAIPIANXIJITIAOZHUANGαPIANXIWAI，ZUIWEIXIANDESHIJIANXIXINGαWENDINGPIANXI（IXINGαPIANXI），QIZHOUWEICHANGBANYOUXIXIAODEKONGDONG、LIEWEN，HANYOUYANG、DANDENGQITI，CUIXINGJIAODA。HAIYOUFULVXINGαWENDINGPIANXI（IIXINGαPIANXI），YEYINBANYOULIEWENBINGYOUCUIXINGERGOUCHENGWEIXIANXINGQUEXIAN。

二、夹杂物多是高熔点、高密度的金属夹杂物

YOUTAIHEJINCHENGFENZHONGGAORONGDIAN、GAOMIDUYUANSUWEICHONGFENRONGHUALIUZAIJITIZHONGXINGCHENG（LIRUMUJIAZA），YEYOUHUNZAIYELIANYUANCAILIAO（TEBIESHIHUISHOUCAILIAO）ZHONGDEYINGZHIHEJINDAOJUBENGXIEHUOBUSHIDANGDEDIANJIHANJIEGONGYI（TAIHEJINDEYELIANYIBANCAIYONGZHENKONGZIHAODIANJIZHONGRONGFA），LIRUWUJIDIANHUHAN，LIUXIADEGAOMIDUJIAZAWU，RUWUJIAZA，CIWAIHAIYOUTAIHUAWUJIAZADENG。JIAZAWUDECUNZAIRONGYIDAOZHILIEWENDEFASHENGYUKUOZHAN，YINCISHIBUYUNXUCUNZAIDEQUEXIAN（LIRUSULIAN1977NIANDEZILIAOZHONGGUIDING，TAIHEJINXSHEXIANZHAOXIANGJIANCHASHIFAXIANZHIJING0.3~0.5mmDEGAOMIDUJIAZAWUJIUBIXUYUYIJILU）。

三、残余缩孔

JIANSHILI。

四、孔洞

KONGDONGBUYIDINGDANGECUNZAI，YEKENENGCHENGDUOGEMIJICUNZAI，HUISHIDIZHOUPILAOLIEWENKUOZHANSUDUJIAKUAI，ZAOCHENGTIQIANPILAOPOHUAI。

五、裂纹

ZHUYAOZHIDUANZAOLIEWEN。TAIHEJINDEZHANXINGDA，LIUDONGXINGCHA，JIASHANGDAOREXINGBUHAO，YINERZAIDUANZAOBIANXINGGUOCHENGZHONG，YOUYUBIAOMIANMOCALIDA，NEIBUBIANXINGBUJUNYUNXINGMINGXIANYIJINEIWAIWENCHADADENG，RONGYIZAIDUANJIANNEIBUCHANSHENGJIANQIEDAI（YINGBIANXIAN），YANZHONGSHIJIDAOZHIKAILIE，QIQUXIANGYIBANYANZUIDABIANXINGYINGLIFANGXIANG。

六、过热

TAIHEJINDEDAOREXINGJIAOCHA，ZAIREJIAGONGGUOCHENGZHONGCHULEJIAREBUDANGZAOCHENGDUANJIANHUOYUANCAILIAOGUOREWAI，ZAIDUANZAOGUOCHENGZHONGHAIRONGYIYINWEIBIANXINGSHIDEREXIAOYINGZAOCHENGGUORE，YINQIXIANWEIZUZHIBIANHUA，CHANSHENGGUOREWEISHIZUZHI。